{"id":1093,"date":"2013-09-11T15:50:53","date_gmt":"2013-09-11T13:50:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.npsconsulting-avocats.fr\/NPS\/?p=1093"},"modified":"2013-12-18T17:14:04","modified_gmt":"2013-12-18T15:14:04","slug":"loi-dess-quel-interet-pour-les-associations-article-a-paraitre-prochainement","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.npsconsulting-avocats.fr\/NPS\/loi-dess-quel-interet-pour-les-associations-article-a-paraitre-prochainement\/","title":{"rendered":"Loi d&rsquo;ESS : Quel int\u00e9r\u00eat pour les associations  ?  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associations\u00a0?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Le projet de loi relatif \u00e0 <span style=\"color: #333333;\">l\u2019\u00c9conomie Sociale et Solidaire (ESS)<\/span> a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 en Conseil des ministres le 24 juillet dernier et sera discut\u00e9 au Parlement d\u00e8s l\u2019automne prochain. Il comporte de nombreuses propositions \u00e0 destination des associations, la principale composante de ce secteur. <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Apr\u00e8s l\u2019Espagne, le Portugal et la Wallonie, c\u2019est d\u00e9sormais au tour de la France de se doter d\u2019une loi reconnaissant l\u2019existence d\u2019un secteur <span style=\"color: #333333;\">d\u2019ESS. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><!--more--><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\">Le r\u00f4le \u00e9conomique des associations enfin reconnu<\/strong> <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\">Longtemps cantonn\u00e9 dans une fonction \u00ab\u00a0r\u00e9paratrice\u00a0\u00bb, le secteur associatif devrait enfin acc\u00e9der au rang d\u2019op\u00e9rateur \u00e9conomique \u00e0 part enti\u00e8re. Le grand public devrait ainsi r\u00e9aliser, qu\u2019en compl\u00e9ment du secteur public et du secteur marchand, il existe \u00e9galement des associations cr\u00e9atrices de richesses et d\u2019emplois<\/span><span style=\"mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\">.<\/span> Avec les coop\u00e9ratives et les mutuelles, le <span style=\"color: #333333;\">secteur associatif<\/span> repr\u00e9sente selon les sources entre 8 \u00e0 10% du produit int\u00e9rieur brut (PIB) et p\u00e8se aujourd\u2019hui 10% de l\u2019emploi en France (soit 2,4 millions de salari\u00e9s)<\/span><a style=\"mso-footnote-id: ftn1;\" title=\"\" name=\"_ftnref1\" href=\"#_ftn1\"><\/a><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"mso-special-character: footnote;\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal; mso-font-kerning: .5pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: HI; mso-bidi-language: HI;\">[1]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">. <span style=\"color: #333333;\">Et<\/span> bien que s\u00e9rieusement impact\u00e9, ce secteur d\u00e9montre une capacit\u00e9 surprenante de r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 la crise notamment gr\u00e2ce aux emplois non d\u00e9localisables qu\u2019il contribue \u00e0 cr\u00e9er\u00a0: au cours du premier trimestre 2013, la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019emplois dans les secteurs non marchands a m\u00eame continu\u00e9 de progresser (+ 0,6%), alors que l\u2019emploi marchand est en net recul (- 0,7)<\/span><a style=\"mso-footnote-id: ftn2;\" title=\"\" name=\"_ftnref2\" href=\"#_ftn2\"><\/a><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"mso-special-character: footnote;\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal; mso-font-kerning: .5pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: HI; mso-bidi-language: HI;\">[2]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">. Il s\u2019agit donc non seulement de reconna\u00eetre, mais \u00e9galement d\u2019accompagner en le soutenant la mont\u00e9e en puissance de ce nouveau mode d\u2019entrepreneuriat bas\u00e9 sur une r\u00e9partition plus \u00e9quitable des b\u00e9n\u00e9fices r\u00e9alis\u00e9s.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\">Vers une d\u00e9naturation du secteur associatif\u00a0?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Si la loi ESS devrait <span style=\"color: #333333;\">ainsi <\/span>permettre de porter un regard nouveau sur le secteur associatif, et contribuer \u00e0 faire prendre conscience de l\u2019importance du r\u00f4le qu\u2019il joue actuellement dans la sph\u00e8re \u00e9conomique (services \u00e0 la personne, tourisme, environnement\u2026), il ne s\u2019agit pas pour autant de porter atteinte \u00e0 sa diversit\u00e9. La plupart des associations continueront \u00e0 exercer leurs activit\u00e9s (sportives, d\u2019animation culturelle\u2026) en dehors de la sph\u00e8re \u00e9conomique et marchande, en cr\u00e9ant du lien social et en animant les territoires. De ce point de vue, le nouveau dispositif l\u00e9gislatif ne modifiera en rien la loi du 1<sup>er<\/sup> juillet 1901 qui demeurera applicable comme avant. La loi ESS se contentera d\u2019offrir un cadre nouveau pour les associations d\u00e9sireuses d\u2019exercer des activit\u00e9s consistant \u00e0 produire des biens ou des services<\/span><a style=\"mso-footnote-id: ftn3;\" title=\"\" name=\"_ftnref3\" href=\"#_ftn3\"><\/a><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"mso-special-character: footnote;\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal; mso-font-kerning: .5pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: HI; mso-bidi-language: HI;\">[3]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\">Int\u00e9r\u00eat pour les associations\u00a0?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Cette superposition des dispositifs l\u00e9gislatifs, applicables conjointement, pr\u00e9sente deux avantages\u00a0: d\u2019une part, elle permet d\u2019\u00e9viter la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019un secteur associatif \u00ab\u00a0\u00e0 deux vitesses\u00a0\u00bb avec, d\u2019un c\u00f4t\u00e9, les grandes associations dont le statut se rapproche de celui des entreprises du secteur marchand et, de l\u2019autre, les petites associations qui auraient exclusivement vocation \u00e0 intervenir dans la sph\u00e8re sociale ou caritative ; d\u2019autre part, elle offre un renouveau au cadre d\u2019\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0entreprise associative\u00a0\u00bb permettant ainsi de conjuguer au sein d\u2019une m\u00eame structure, une logique sociale avec l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique, tout en respectant le principe de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 impartageable des b\u00e9n\u00e9fices (Loi 1901, art.1). <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\">Le retour des subventions\u00a0?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\"><span style=\"mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Parmi les nouveaut\u00e9s, celles visant \u00e0 sanctuariser la d\u00e9finition de la notion de subvention (voir encadr\u00e9) appara\u00eet comme la plus importante. Pour Val\u00e9rie Fourneyron<\/span><a style=\"mso-footnote-id: ftn4;\" title=\"\" name=\"_ftnref4\" href=\"#_ftn4\"><\/a><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"mso-special-character: footnote;\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal; mso-font-kerning: .5pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: HI; mso-bidi-language: HI;\">[4]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">, il s\u2019agit avant tout de \u00ab\u00a0<em style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">donner une assise juridique solide \u00e0 la notion de subvention afin de conforter les collectivit\u00e9s territoriales \u00e0 y recourir\u00a0<\/em>\u00bb. <\/span>Ce faisant, le gouvernement actuel semble avoir pris la pleine mesure de l\u2019augmentation du recours \u00e0 la commande publique au d\u00e9triment de la subvention.<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">\u00a0 <\/span>Il est vrai qu\u2019avec une augmentation de 73% des proc\u00e9dures de mise en concurrence (march\u00e9s publics, d\u00e9l\u00e9gations de service public) dans la part de financement public du secteur associatif pour la p\u00e9riode 2005-2011<\/span><a style=\"mso-footnote-id: ftn5;\" title=\"\" name=\"_ftnref5\" href=\"#_ftn5\"><\/a><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"mso-special-character: footnote;\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal; mso-font-kerning: .5pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: HI; mso-bidi-language: HI;\">[5]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\"> (contre une baisse de 17% de celle des subventions), il y a d\u00e9sormais urgence<span style=\"color: #333333;\">\u00a0!<\/span> Nadia Bellaoui, pr\u00e9sidente de la CPCA, juge cette premi\u00e8re d\u00e9finition l\u00e9gale de la subvention \u00ab\u00a0<em style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">tr\u00e8s satisfaisante\u00a0<\/em>\u00bb<a style=\"mso-footnote-id: ftn6;\" title=\"\" name=\"_ftnref6\" href=\"#_ftn6\"><\/a><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"mso-special-character: footnote;\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-font-kerning: .5pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: HI; mso-bidi-language: HI;\">[6]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, d\u00e9non\u00e7ant au passage l\u2019\u00ab\u00a0<em style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">effet inflationniste<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb de la commande publique qui effectivement appara\u00eet bien loin de l\u2019objectif recherch\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"mso-element: para-border-div; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt;\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt;\"><strong style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">D\u00e9finition l\u00e9gale de la notion de subvention (Projet de loi d\u2019ESS, art.22)\u00a0: <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt;\"><span style=\"mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00ab\u00a0<em style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">Constituent des subventions les aides facultatives, de toute nature, notamment financi\u00e8res, mat\u00e9rielles ou en personnel, valoris\u00e9es dans l\u2019acte d\u2019attribution, attribu\u00e9es par les autorit\u00e9s administratives (\u2026) et les organismes charg\u00e9s de la gestion d\u2019un service public industriel et commercial justifi\u00e9es par un int\u00e9r\u00eat g\u00e9n\u00e9ral et destin\u00e9es \u00e0 la r\u00e9alisation d\u2019une action, d\u2019un projet d\u2019investissement, \u00e0 la contribution au d\u00e9veloppement d\u2019activit\u00e9s ou au financement global de l\u2019activit\u00e9 de l\u2019organisme. Ces actions, projets ou activit\u00e9s sont initi\u00e9s, d\u00e9finis et mis en \u0153uvre par les organismes de droit priv\u00e9 b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires. Ces aides ne peuvent constituer la r\u00e9mun\u00e9ration de prestations individualis\u00e9es r\u00e9pondant aux besoins des autorit\u00e9s qui les accordent\u00a0\u00bb.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\">Autres mesures annonc\u00e9es<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\"><span style=\"mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Le projet de loi n\u2019a pas vocation \u00e0 s\u2019int\u00e9resser uniquement aux associations \u00e0 caract\u00e8re \u00e9conomique, m\u00eame si l\u2019un des principaux objectifs recherch\u00e9s consiste bien \u00e0 reconna\u00eetre l\u2019existence d\u2019une vraie diversit\u00e9 en mati\u00e8re d\u2019entrepreneuriat. Il comporte \u00e9galement des dispositions qui devraient \u00eatre profitables \u00e0 l\u2019ensemble du secteur associatif. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">D\u2019autres mesures sont donc annonc\u00e9es parmi lesquelles, <span style=\"color: #333333;\">les financements de la Banque Publique d\u2019Investissement (500 millions d\u2019\u20ac),<\/span> la d\u00e9finition de la notion d\u2019innovation sociale (art.\u00a03), l\u2019organisation d\u2019une conf\u00e9rence nationale de l\u2019ESS tous les trois ans (art. 4), la mise en \u0153uvre d\u2019un agr\u00e9ment \u00ab\u00a0entreprises solidaires d\u2019utilit\u00e9 sociale\u00a0\u00bb auxquelles pourront automatiquement pr\u00e9tendre les associations interm\u00e9diaires, d\u2019insertion, ainsi que les r\u00e9gies de quartier (art. 15)\u2026 Le projet de loi d&rsquo;ESS pr\u00e9voit \u00e9galement la prise en compte d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments \u00e0 caract\u00e8re social dans le cadre des proc\u00e9dures de passation des march\u00e9s publics (art. 19 \u00e0 21). Il modifie le r\u00e9gime du titre associatif destin\u00e9 \u00e0 renforcer les fonds propres des associations (art. 74) et clarifie la proc\u00e9dure de fusion entre associations (art. 75). Enfin, il est question d\u2019\u00e9tendre la capacit\u00e9 des associations d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat g\u00e9n\u00e9ral (depuis au moins 3 ans) \u00e0 recevoir des lib\u00e9ralit\u00e9s (art.76) et de r\u00e9viser la proc\u00e9dure de reconnaissance d\u2019utilit\u00e9 publique des associations (art.77), lesquelles se verront autoris\u00e9es \u00e0 d\u00e9tenir des immeubles de rapport (art.78).<strong style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\">Attendons le texte d\u00e9finitif\u00a0!<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt;\"><span style=\"mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Il n\u2019en demeure pas moins que<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">\u00a0 <\/span>les associations qui n\u2019exercent aucune activit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique ou ne per\u00e7oivent qu\u2019un faible montant de subvention<\/span><a style=\"mso-footnote-id: ftn7;\" title=\"\" name=\"_ftnref7\" href=\"#_ftn7\"><\/a><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"mso-special-character: footnote;\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal; mso-font-kerning: .5pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: HI; mso-bidi-language: HI;\">[7]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">, voire aucun financement public sont pour l\u2019heure peu concern\u00e9es m\u00eame si <span style=\"color: #333333;\">la loi d\u2019ESS<\/span> devrait rapidement \u00eatre compl\u00e9t\u00e9<span style=\"color: #333333;\">e<\/span> d\u2019une nouvelle convention d\u2019engagements r\u00e9ciproques des relations \u00ab\u00a0Associations \u2013 Etat \u2013 R\u00e9gions\u00a0\u00bb et d\u2019une r\u00e9vision de la circulaire \u00ab\u00a0Fillon\u00a0\u00bb du 18 janvier 2010<\/span><a style=\"mso-footnote-id: ftn8;\" title=\"\" name=\"_ftnref8\" href=\"#_ftn8\"><\/a><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"mso-special-character: footnote;\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal; mso-font-kerning: .5pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: HI; mso-bidi-language: HI;\">[8]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\"> concernant la proc\u00e9dure d\u2019octroi de subventions publiques \u00ab\u00a0euro compatibles\u00bb. Il convient donc d\u2019attendre avant de porter un regard d\u00e9finitif sur les mesures annonc\u00e9es d\u2019autant que le<span style=\"color: red;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\">s<\/span> <\/span>d\u00e9bat<span style=\"color: #333333;\">s<\/span> \u00e0 l\u2019assembl\u00e9e nationale ou au s\u00e9nat <span style=\"color: #333333;\">pourraient<\/span> faire \u00e9voluer <span style=\"color: red;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\">le projet de loi<\/span><\/span>. Aux associations de saisir leurs parlementaire<span style=\"color: #333333;\">s<\/span> pour veiller \u00e0 ce que ce texte fondateur <span style=\"color: #333333;\">soit conforme \u00e0 leurs int\u00e9r\u00eats.<\/span><em style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"><br \/>\n<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"mso-element: footnote-list;\">\n<hr align=\"left\" size=\"1\" width=\"33%\" \/>\n<div id=\"ftn1\" style=\"mso-element: footnote;\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><a style=\"mso-footnote-id: ftn1;\" title=\"\" name=\"_ftn1\" href=\"#_ftnref1\"><\/a><span class=\"Caractresdenotedebasdepage\"><span style=\"mso-special-character: footnote;\"><span class=\"Caractresdenotedebasdepage\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal; mso-font-kerning: .5pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: HI; mso-bidi-language: HI;\">[1]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> P. Lenancker et J.-M. Roirant, Entreprendre autrement\u00a0: l\u2019\u00e9conomie sociale et solidaire, Avis du CESE, janvier 2013<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn2\" style=\"mso-element: footnote;\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><a style=\"mso-footnote-id: ftn2;\" title=\"\" name=\"_ftn2\" href=\"#_ftnref2\"><\/a><span class=\"Caractresdenotedebasdepage\"><span style=\"mso-special-character: footnote;\"><span class=\"Caractresdenotedebasdepage\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal; mso-font-kerning: .5pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: HI; mso-bidi-language: HI;\">[2]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> Source\u00a0: Insee<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn3\" style=\"mso-element: footnote;\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><a style=\"mso-footnote-id: ftn3;\" title=\"\" name=\"_ftn3\" href=\"#_ftnref3\"><\/a><span class=\"Caractresdenotedebasdepage\"><span style=\"mso-special-character: footnote;\"><span class=\"Caractresdenotedebasdepage\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal; mso-font-kerning: .5pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: HI; mso-bidi-language: HI;\">[3]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 10.0pt;\">C. Amblard, Associations et activit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques\u00a0: contribution \u00e0 la th\u00e9orie du Tiers-secteur, th\u00e8se de droit, 1998, monographies, 496 pp\u00a0; Du m\u00eame auteur, Activit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques et commerciales des associations, Lamy associations, Etude 246\u00a0; <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoFootnoteText\">\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn4\" style=\"mso-element: footnote;\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><a style=\"mso-footnote-id: ftn4;\" title=\"\" name=\"_ftn4\" href=\"#_ftnref4\"><\/a><span class=\"Caractresdenotedebasdepage\"><span style=\"mso-special-character: footnote;\"><span class=\"Caractresdenotedebasdepage\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal; mso-font-kerning: .5pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: HI; mso-bidi-language: HI;\">[4]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 10.0pt;\">Conf\u00e9rence \u00ab\u00a0Associations subventions collectivit\u00e9s\u00a0: mode d\u2019emploi\u00a0\u00bb, Paris, 27 juin 2013<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn5\" style=\"mso-element: footnote;\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><a style=\"mso-footnote-id: ftn5;\" title=\"\" name=\"_ftn5\" href=\"#_ftnref5\"><\/a><span class=\"Caractresdenotedebasdepage\"><span style=\"mso-special-character: footnote;\"><span class=\"Caractresdenotedebasdepage\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal; mso-font-kerning: .5pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: HI; mso-bidi-language: HI;\">[5]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 10.0pt;\">Enqu\u00eate CNRS \u2013 Centre d\u2019Economie de la Sorbonne \u00ab\u00a0Le paysage associatif fran\u00e7ais\u00a0\u00bb 2012<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn6\" style=\"mso-element: footnote;\">\n<p class=\"footnotetext\"><a style=\"mso-footnote-id: ftn6;\" title=\"\" name=\"_ftn6\" href=\"#_ftnref6\"><\/a><a style=\"mso-footnote-id: ftn5;\" title=\"\" name=\"_ftn5\" href=\"http:\/\/www.npsconsulting-avocats.fr\/NPS\/wp-admin\/post.php?post=1093&amp;action=edit#_ftnref5\"><\/a><span class=\"Caractresdenotedebasdepage\"><span style=\"mso-special-character: footnote;\"><span class=\"Caractresdenotedebasdepage\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal; mso-font-kerning: .5pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: HI; mso-bidi-language: HI;\">[6]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Conf\u00e9rence \u00ab\u00a0Associations subventions collectivit\u00e9s\u00a0: mode d\u2019emploi\u00a0\u00bb, Paris, 27 juin 2013<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn7\" style=\"mso-element: footnote;\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><a style=\"mso-footnote-id: ftn7;\" title=\"\" name=\"_ftn7\" href=\"#_ftnref7\"><\/a><span class=\"Caractresdenotedebasdepage\"><span style=\"mso-special-character: footnote;\"><span class=\"Caractresdenotedebasdepage\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal; mso-font-kerning: .5pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: HI; mso-bidi-language: HI;\">[7]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> Selon V. Tchernonog, \u00ab\u00a0Les subventions publiques\u00a0: encore importantes ou en voie de disparition\u00a0?\u00a0\u00bb, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.isbl-consultants.fr\/\">www.isbl-consultants.fr<\/a>, Editorial mars 2013\u00a0: selon l\u2019auteur, \u00ab\u00a0<em style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">60% des subventions sont inf\u00e9rieures \u00e0 200 \u20ac<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb et \u00ab\u00a0<em>72% des associations se r\u00e9partissent 2% des subventions publiques\u00a0\u00bb.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn8\" style=\"mso-element: footnote;\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><a style=\"mso-footnote-id: ftn8;\" title=\"\" name=\"_ftn8\" href=\"#_ftnref8\"><\/a><span class=\"Caractresdenotedebasdepage\"><span style=\"mso-special-character: footnote;\"><span class=\"Caractresdenotedebasdepage\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal; mso-font-kerning: .5pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: HI; mso-bidi-language: HI;\">[8]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;\">C. Amblard<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;\">, \u00ab<em>Paquet Almunia : les nouvelles r\u00e8gles europ\u00e9ennes de financement des SIEG\u00bb, <\/em>Lamy Associations, <em>Bull. actu. <\/em>n\u00b0205, juin 2012\u00a0; du m\u00eame auteur, Juris-Associations (Dalloz), \u00ab<em>Paquet Almunia : la nouvelle donne europ\u00e9enne (Analyse critique)\u00bb, <\/em>n\u00b0454, 1er mars 2012, pp. 35 \u00e0 38<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Cet article a fait l&rsquo;objet d&rsquo;une publication dans la Revue Associations Mode d&rsquo;Emploi, n\u00b0151, ao\u00fbt &#8211; septembre 2013 sous l&rsquo;intitul\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0<em>\u00c9conomie solidaire : Les associations font la loi<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb [ titre et sous-titres modifi\u00e9s par l&rsquo;\u00e9diteur] : <a title=\"cliquez ici\" href=\"http:\/\/www.associationmodeemploi.fr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">cliquez ici<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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